The core drilling rig is a kind of core drilling equipment, mainly used for census and exploration of metallic and non-metallic solid minerals. It can also be used for engineering geological surveys, hydrogeological surveys, oil and gas field survey and exploration, and water well drilling. As core drilling rigs require relatively complete, non-mixed and inflexible stratigraphic rock samples, all core drilling rigs are rotary drilling rigs. Depending on the structure of the rig's rotary, core drilling rigs can be divided into three main categories: vertical shaft, turntable and mobile rotary. Let's take a look at the basic components of a core drilling rig.

Core drilling rigs consist of basic components such as the rotary mechanism, the feeding mechanism, the lifting mechanism, the drive mechanism, the control unit and the base. Depending on the type of drilling rig, some core drilling rigs may also be equipped with control and measuring instruments or other ancillary devices. The rotating mechanism of the drilling rig is called the gyroscope and is used to rotate the drilling tool so that the drill bit continuously breaks up the rock. There are three types of core drilling rig gyroscopes: vertical shaft, rotary table and mobile.

Lifting mechanisms are used to lift drilling tools, casing or other items. Most drilling rigs are specifically equipped with a lifting mechanism, commonly referred to as a "hoist", while some rigs are not equipped with a lifting mechanism. In mobile core drilling rigs, for example, the hoist function is achieved through a combination of a power head and a feed mechanism. The feed mechanism is used to adjust and maintain the axial load on the drill bit at the bottom of the hole, feed the drilling tool according to the drilling speed of the bit and keep the bit drilling continuously.

The transmission mechanism is used to drive the power of the core drilling rig power machine to the drilling rig working mechanism. There are three types of drilling rig power transmission: organic transmission, semi-hydraulic transmission and full hydraulic transmission.

The operating mechanism is used to distribute the power, adjust the speed of the working mechanism of the core drilling rig and change the direction and form of the movement of the working mechanism. The operating mechanism of mechanically driven core drilling rigs is generally combined with related components, while the operating mechanism of hydraulically driven rigs is mostly combined into an independent component called the console.