Classification and working principle of water well drilling rigs
What is a water well drilling rig? Simply put, a water well drilling rig is a mechanical device for drilling water wells and completing downhole pipelines, well washing, etc. It includes power equipment and drill bits, drill rods The rig consists of power equipment and drill bits, drill rods, core pipes, drill stands, etc. The following is a brief introduction to the classification and working principle of water well drilling rigs and the proper use of water well drilling rigs.

Water well drilling rig mechanism
1. Hydraulic oil pump: It is a dual type large capacity pump to provide power to the power head. The small displacement pump provides power for the four-legged cylinder, the landing mast cylinder and the acceleration/lifting cylinder.
2. Four legs: The small drilling equipment consists of hydraulic cylinders and fixed frame. The height of the body can be adjusted to support and stabilize the body at the work site.

3. Mast: A frame structure made of giant steel tubes, channels and angles welded together. The inner slots of the two side channels are used to run up and down on the power head to ensure the verticality of the hole. The rise and fall of the well mast is done by hydraulic cylinder.
4. Power head: The mechanism with gear reducer has a large diameter mandrel in the middle of the low speed shaft. The upper end of the mandrel can be connected to the hose connection of the concrete pouring equipment to inject concrete; the lower end of the mandrel is connected to the drill pipe and drill bit through a blue plate. The high speed shaft is driven by a high torque hydraulic motor.

Water well drilling rig system
1. The power system, the equipment that provides energy for the complete drilling rig.
2. Working system, the equipment that works according to the process requirements;
3. The transmission system, the equipment that transmits, transfers and distributes energy to the working units
4. The control system, which controls each system and equipment, working in a coordinated and accurate way according to the requirements of the process;
5. Auxiliary systems, the equipment that assists the work of the main system.

Classification and working principle of water well drilling rigs
Water well drilling rigs can be divided into three categories: rotary water well drilling rigs, percussive water well drilling rigs and composite water well drilling rigs. The former can be subdivided into: large and small pot cone rigs, recycle rotary rigs, hydraulic powerhead rigs and downhole percussion rotary rigs.

Working Principle of Rotary Water Well Drilling Rig
Rotary water well drilling rigs mainly rely on the rotary motion of drilling tools to break up the rock formation into holes. Usually, there are large and small pot cone drilling rigs, positive and negative circulation rotary drilling rigs, hydraulic power head drilling rigs and downhole vibration rotary drilling rigs. A simple rotary drilling rig has only a drilling unit, a well constructed rotary drilling rig has two parts: a drilling unit and a circulating well cleaning unit. The drilling tools of rotary water well drilling rigs include drill pipes and drill bits. Commonly used drill pipes have nominal diameters of 60, 73, 76, 89, 102 and 114 mm, and there are two types of drill bits: full drill bits and annular drill bits.

Large and small pot cones use pot cone augers to rotate soil layers. Depending on the size of the auger, they are called large and small pot cones and can be driven by either man or power.
Rotary drilling rigs are commonly used for reverse circulation mud washing rotary drilling rigs, i.e. circulation mud washing rotary drilling rigs consist of a tower, winch, turntable, drilling tools, mud pump, tap and electric motor. The engine. During operation, the power machine drives the turntable through the transmission and the active drill pipe drives the drill bit to rotate the crushed rock at 30-90 rpm. rock layer. The gas rotary drilling rig is an air compressor, not a rotary drilling rig. Instead of a mud pump on a rotary drilling rig, compressed air is used to clean the well instead of mud. Usually, a reverse circulation method is also used. The reverse circulation method, also known as gas lift reverse circulation, is also used. In other words, compressed air is sent through the air supply line to the air-water mixing chamber in the well and mixed with the water flow in the drill pipe to form an aerated water flow with a ratio The air is mixed with the water flow in the drill pipe to form an aerated water stream with a weight less than 1. The annular column of water flows in the drill pipe under the action of gravity around the drill pipe, and the aerated water flowing in the drill pipe rises and leaves the well and flows into the sedimentation tank, after the sediment of water flowing back into the well. Self-flowing approach. With this type of drilling rig, when the well is very deep (over 50 meters), the chip removal capacity is greater than the pump discharge or the reverse of the jet This makes it suitable for large drilling rigs in areas of water depth and water shortage, as well as in frozen zones with frozen formations.

Some rotary drilling rigs are equipped with mud pumps and air compressors, which allow different washing methods to be selected depending on the situation.
A hydraulic power head drill rotary drilling rig. It is driven by a hydraulic motor through a reduction gear and replaces the turntable and tap on the rotary drill head. The power head moves up and down on the tower to drive the drill pipe and the drill head to rotate the rock formation. Large diameter wells up to 1 m in diameter can be used to drill large diameter wells. It is characterized by fast drilling speed, relatively simple loading and unloading of drilling tools and downhole pipe, no need to lift drilling tools when connecting drill pipes, and simple removal of winches and lifting blocks. A series of parts, such as turntable, tap and square drill pipe.

The DTH vibratory rotary drilling rig is a rotary drilling machine that combines vibratory and rotary movements to drill into rock formations. The drill consists of a drill head, a vibrator, a damper and a guide cylinder. The vibrating force generated by the vibrator performs a conical oscillating motion of the entire drilling tool. The drill head is placed on the outer side of the vibrator housing by means of a friction ring. On the one hand, the vibrator On one hand, the vibrator vibrates horizontally at a frequency of about 1000 rpm and an amplitude of about 9 mm; on the other hand, the speed around the vibrator shaft is 3 to 12 rpm. When the drill pipe is not rotating, the low speed rotational movement destroys the rock formation and a vibration absorber is used to avoid the transmission of vibrations to the drill pipe. The well is cleaned by reverse circulation of compressed air, allowing drill cuttings to pass through the conduit and the cavity of the drill pipe at the center of the vibrator. The rig is simple in construction and efficient in drilling. The diameter of the borehole is about 600 mm and the depth of the borehole is up to 150 m.

Working principle of percussive water well drilling rig
The vertical reciprocating motion of the drill bit causes the drill bit to strike the bottom of the well to destroy the rock formation. The structure is simple, but there is no circulation cleaning system, and chip and drill dismantling cannot be carried out simultaneously, so the work efficiency is low. Drilling depth - generally within 250 meters, some can reach 500 to 600 meters. The main types are as follows.

A simple percussion drill that uses the weight of the drill bit itself to impact the ground. The lower end of the drill bit is a number of foldable, sharp-angled flaps.

Wire rope impact drill consists of top mast and lifting pulley, wire rope, impact mechanism, drill bit (including drill pipe and drill bit), electric motor, etc.
There are two types of composite water well drilling rigs: one is to add the impact mechanism to the rotary rotary drilling machine, and rotary drilling is the main one. When encountering an oval layer, both water well drilling platforms are subject to impact drilling, which is more adaptable to each layer of rock; the other type is a water well drilling rig that combines impact and rotary, such as wind-driven of downhole hammer drilling rigs. The submersible hammer drill used therein consists of a cylinder sleeve and a piston that moves up and down in the cylinder sleeve.